What is Native Speakerism and why does it matter?
31st October 2023
Are the labels ‘native speaker’ and ‘non-native speaker’ suitable and feasible for characterising language proficiency, usage and comprehension? When discussing English, to which nation do these terms relate as ‘native’? Whose English qualifies as ‘native English’? Does being a ‘native speaker’ in the context of English Language Teaching (ELT) lead to enhanced teaching and learning experiences and improved educational outcomes?
Although English is widely acknowledged as a global lingua franca, an international language used by a diverse array of people, the concept of ‘native speaker’ and ‘non-native speaker,’ along with the associated connotations these designations carry, remain deeply ingrained.
What is native speakerism?
Native speakerism is a belief system that asserts the advantage of individuals considered ‘native speakers’ as the ideal English models and educators.
Native speakerism describes a form of bias in the field of language education and, to some extent, in other contexts where language proficiency plays a significant role.
It refers to the preference or favouritism shown towards native speakers of a particular language over non-native speakers, particularly in the context of English language teaching (ELT).
Why should native speakerism be avoided?
1. Preference for native speakers
In many English language teaching positions, there is a strong preference for hiring native speakers of English, often from Western countries. This preference is based on the assumption that native speakers possess an inborn understanding of the language and culture, making them more effective language instructors.
2. Impact on non-native English speakers
Non-native English speakers, who may be highly proficient and qualified, often face discrimination and barriers when seeking employment in English teaching roles. They may be passed over for positions in favour of less-qualified native speakers.
3. Language and cultural diversity
Native speakerism perpetuates the idea that there is a single “correct” way to speak English and reinforces the dominance of certain varieties of English (e.g., American or British English) over others. This can undermine linguistic and cultural diversity within the English language teaching field.
4. Quality of teaching
The assumption that native speakers are inherently better teachers can be misleading. Teaching proficiency depends on various factors such as training, experience and pedagogical skills, not just being a native speaker. Non-native speakers can be highly effective English teachers.
5. Global Englishes
English is a global language with various regional accents, dialects and varieties. Native speakerism often ignores the realities of global Englishes and fails to prepare learners to interact with speakers of diverse English varieties.
6. Equity and inclusion
Native speakerism raises questions of equity and inclusion. It can limit opportunities for qualified individuals based on their nationality or native language. It’s important to address this issue to create more inclusive language education systems.
7. Economic and professional consequences
Discrimination against non-native English teachers can have economic and professional consequences. It can limit career growth, affect income and discourage individuals from pursuing careers in English language teaching.
Challenging stereotypes
Addressing native speakerism involves challenging stereotypes about language proficiency and teaching effectiveness. It’s essential to recognise that both native and non-native English teachers can contribute effectively to language education.
Within ELT, there have been efforts made to stop using the terms ‘native/non-native’, to decrease the discrimination against ‘non-native’ models and non-native English teachers and decolonise our approach to Englishes. However, it is a slow process with systems and processes that still promote this approach. This is further reflected in recruitment process, opportunities, teaching and learning materials and wages.
Why does it matter?
Native speakerism matters because it perpetuates biases and stereotypes that impact both native and non-native English speakers in the field of language education.
Addressing this issue is crucial for promoting diversity, equity and inclusion in English language teaching and for fostering a more nuanced and global understanding of English as a lingua franca.
